Political policy risk here does not refer to the policy risk that policy changes affect securities prices, but to the risk that exporters or importers bring economic losses to enterprises due to political changes, policy changes or macroeconomic factors. The international trade activities of enterprises will be affected by the changes in the policies of the countries where the importers and exporters are located.
When enterprises engaged in international trade conduct import and export trade activities, whether they face the risk of tariff barrier or non-tariff barrier, as long as the risk is caused by policy change, political change or macro factors, it belongs to political policy risk. For example, in import and export trade activities, local trade protectionism seriously hinders enterprises from carrying out import and export trade activities. Political risks and policy changes will have a certain impact on the trade activities of enterprises engaged in import and export trade.
As far as exchange rates are concerned, there are differences between countries. When a country adjusts its exchange rate according to its own economic needs or market supply and demand, the exchange rate of the countries where the two sides are trading will change. At this point, import and export enterprises will face exchange rate risks. In international trade, exchange rate risk refers to the economic losses caused by exchange rate fluctuations to enterprises engaged in international trade import and export activities. For enterprises involved in trade, there are exchange rate risks in the process of transaction settlement.
In international trade activities, because the transaction settlement of enterprises is denominated in foreign currency, when the foreign exchange rate changes, the foreign exchange risk of enterprises' import and export will occur. For import and export enterprises, exchange rate risks mainly occur in the import and export of goods or services. The factors affecting exchange rate fluctuations mainly include international balance of payments and foreign exchange reserves, interest rate changes, inflation and political situation. In the prediction of exchange rate risk, it is necessary to consider the factors affecting exchange rate and make effective prediction.

There are many factors affecting enterprise contract risk, and the most common one is contract signing risk. When there is a loophole in the contract, the party signing the contract does not carefully study the terms of the contract and fails to find the loophole in time. If the contract is signed directly, the enterprise will face economic losses. The risks faced by enterprises through the terms of international trade contracts are always the risks faced by enterprises. The contract risks of import and export enterprises are mainly reflected in the contract terms and trade subjects.

In import and export trade, the risk caused by the failure of enterprises to see the details of contract terms is contract term risk. There are two types of risk in terms of contract: unintentional and intentional. The situation of subjective intention belongs to contract fraud. In international trade, import and export enterprises must fully understand the common trade fraud, take more precautions against contract fraud, carefully examine the contract, check the terms of the contract, so as not to cause economic losses to the enterprise due to carelessness

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